(5)三亂indiscriminate fines, charges and assessments
傳、幫、帶pass on experience, give help and set an example in training new hands
抓大放小to invigorate large enterprises while releasing control over small ones
老少邊窮地區(qū)old revolutionary base areas, frontier areas, poverty-stricken areas and areas inhabited by national minorities
為確保信息的傳達(dá),譯者應(yīng)靈活采用解釋、加注等方法將原語(yǔ)中被省略的、對(duì)理解原意至關(guān)重要的文化背景信息予以補(bǔ)充還原。如果只譯詞語(yǔ)字面意義,將“傳、幫、帶”譯為“pass, help and guide”,將“抓大放小”譯作“grasp the big one and put aside the small one”,西方讀者定會(huì)不解其意,不知所云。
(6)一見面是寒暄,寒暄之后說我“胖了”,說我“胖了”之后即大罵其新黨。
(魯迅《祝?!?
When we met, after exchanging a few polite remarks he said I was fatter, and after saying that immediately started a violent attack on the revolutionaries.
(外文出版社1972年版英譯本)
在《文化語(yǔ)境與語(yǔ)言翻譯》一書中,包惠南對(duì)這一譯例進(jìn)行了分析,認(rèn)為譯文未能體現(xiàn)原文中的文化內(nèi)涵,因?yàn)樵谥袊?guó)傳統(tǒng)文化中,“胖”代表有福氣,說人胖了是一種恭維,而如此直白地告訴對(duì)方他長(zhǎng)胖了在西方文化中是不禮貌的,容易使對(duì)方不快。譯文僅僅表達(dá)出“胖了”的指稱意義,沒有增譯出它與中國(guó)文化相關(guān)的蘊(yùn)涵意義,容易引起西方讀者的誤解。因此,包惠南將譯文改為:
After exchanging a few polite remarks when we met, he observed that I looked "fat", and having made that complimentary remark he started a violent attack on the revolutionaries.
在修改后的譯文中,“胖了”一詞的指稱意義和蘊(yùn)涵意義都得到了體現(xiàn),使西方讀者既讀懂了原意,又對(duì)中國(guó)文化多了一分認(rèn)識(shí)和了解。
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