歷屆美國(guó)總統(tǒng)介紹:第2任總統(tǒng) 約翰·亞當(dāng)斯

John Adams was the second President of the United States. He was born in Massachusetts in 1735. He studied law at Harvard and became identified with the movement for independence. During the Revolutionary War he served in France and Holland in diplomatic roles, and helped negotiate the peace treaty with France. He returned from Europe and was elected Vice President under George Washington.

約翰·亞當(dāng)斯是美國(guó)的第二任總統(tǒng)。他1735年出生于馬薩諸塞州。他在哈佛大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)法律，因參加獨(dú)立運(yùn)動(dòng)而出名。他在獨(dú)立戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)期間，作為外交官服務(wù)于法國(guó)和荷蘭，并協(xié)助與法國(guó)談判和平條約。從歐洲歸來(lái)后，他被選為副總統(tǒng)，輔助總統(tǒng)喬治·華盛頓。

Adams served two terms as Vice President. The White House describes them as being "frustrating experiences for a man of his vigor, intellect, and vanity". He complained to his wife Abigail about his frustrations with his sense of a lack of power in his position. He said: "My country has in its wisdom contrived for me the most insignificant office that ever the invention of man contrived or his imagination conceived."

亞當(dāng)斯連任了兩屆副總統(tǒng)。白宮將他的這兩次總統(tǒng)經(jīng)歷描述為：“對(duì)一個(gè)男人來(lái)說(shuō)，這是一個(gè)令人沮喪的經(jīng)歷，它消磨了一個(gè)人的活力、智慧以及虛榮。” 亞當(dāng)斯曾向他的妻子阿碧格爾抱怨他所遇到的挫折，因?yàn)樗X得自己手中的權(quán)力實(shí)在太少了。他說(shuō)：“我們的國(guó)家自作聰明，拿那個(gè)最不起眼的職位給我，那個(gè)職位簡(jiǎn)直就像某個(gè)人的即興作品或其憑空捏造出來(lái)的東西。”

When Adams first became President, the war between the French and British was causing great difficulties for the United States. It disrupted trade and shipping to the USA and caused fierce rivalries between Americans loyal to each of the European powers. His decision to send a peace mission to France badly divided American politics and he lost the 1801 election to Thomas Jefferson.

亞當(dāng)斯初任總統(tǒng)時(shí)，英法戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)給美國(guó)帶來(lái)了許多困擾。該戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)阻礙了美國(guó)的船舶貿(mào)易，導(dǎo)致追隨不同歐洲勢(shì)力的美國(guó)人之間的激烈對(duì)抗。他決定與法國(guó)進(jìn)行和平談判，而這嚴(yán)重分裂了美國(guó)政壇。在1801年的美國(guó)總統(tǒng)大選中，亞當(dāng)斯輸給了托馬斯·杰斐遜。

Adams retired from political life and returned to his farm. He will be remembered as being one of the key Founding Fathers of the United States and for the first U.S. politician to start apolitical dynasty – his son John Quincy became America's sixth President. Adams died on July 4, 1826. His most memorable words are: "People and nations are forged in the fires of adversity."

亞當(dāng)斯退出政壇后回到了他的農(nóng)場(chǎng)。他將作為美國(guó)最重要的開國(guó)元?jiǎng)字?、開啟美國(guó)政治王朝的第一人而被人們銘記——他的兒子約翰·昆西·亞當(dāng)斯當(dāng)選為美國(guó)第6任總統(tǒng)。1826年7月4日，亞當(dāng)斯逝世。他最著名的話是：“人民與國(guó)家都是在烈火中涅槃重生的。”