《孫子兵法》第55期:第九章 行軍(6)

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行軍篇 NO.6：

杖而立者，饑也;

汲而先飲者，渴也;

見(jiàn)利而不進(jìn)者，勞也;

鳥(niǎo)集者，虛也;

夜呼者，恐也;

軍擾者，將不重也;

旌旗動(dòng)者，亂也;

吏怒者，倦也;

殺馬肉食者，軍無(wú)糧也;

懸缸不返其舍者，窮寇也;

諄諄翕翕，徐與人言者，失眾也;

數(shù)賞者，窘也;

數(shù)罰者，困也;

先暴而后畏其眾者，不精之至也;

來(lái)委謝者，欲休息也。

兵怒而相迎，久而不合，又不相去，必謹(jǐn)察之。

這句啥意思：

抵兵倚著兵器而站立的，是饑餓的表現(xiàn);

供水兵打水自己先飲的，是干渴的表現(xiàn);

敵人見(jiàn)利而不進(jìn)兵爭(zhēng)奪的，是疲勞的表現(xiàn);

敵人營(yíng)寨上聚集鳥(niǎo)雀的，下面是空營(yíng);

敵人夜間驚叫的，是恐慌的表現(xiàn);

敵營(yíng)驚擾紛亂的，是敵將沒(méi)有威嚴(yán)的表現(xiàn);

旌旗搖動(dòng)不整齊的，是敵人隊(duì)伍已經(jīng)混亂。

敵人軍官易怒的，是全軍疲倦的表現(xiàn);

用糧食喂馬，殺馬吃肉，收拾起汲水器具，

部隊(duì)不返營(yíng)房的，是要拼死的窮寇;

低聲下氣同部下講話的，是敵將失去人心;

不斷犒賞士卒的，是敵軍沒(méi)有辦法;

不斷懲罰部屬的，是敵人處境困難;

先粗暴然后又害怕部下的，是最不精明的將領(lǐng);

派來(lái)使者送禮言好的，是敵人想休兵息戰(zhàn);

敵人逞怒同我對(duì)陣，但久不交鋒又不撤退的，必須謹(jǐn)慎地觀察他的企圖。

英文這么說(shuō)：

When the soldiers stand leaning on their spears,they are faint from want of food.

If those who are sent to draw water begin by drinking themselves, the army is suffering fromthirst.

If the enemy sees an advantage to be gained and makes no effort to secure it, the soldiersare exhausted.

If birds gather on any spot, it is unoccupied.

Clamor by night betokens nervousness.

If there is disturbance in the camp, the general's authority is weak.

If the banners and flags are shifted about, sedition is afoot.

If the officers are angry,it means that the men are weary.

When an army feeds its horses with grain and kills its cattle for food,

and when the men do not hang their cooking-pots over the camp-fires, showing that they willnot return to their tents, you may know that they are determined to fight to the death.

The sight of men whispering together in small knots or speaking in subdued tones points todisaffection amongst the rank and file.

Too frequent rewards signify that the enemy is at the end of his resources;

Too many punishments betray a condition of dire distress.

To begin by bluster, but afterwards to take fright at the enemy's numbers, shows a supremelack of intelligence.

When envoys are sent with compliments in their mouths,it is a sign that the enemy wishes for atruce.

If the enemy's troops march up angrily and remain facing ours for a long time without eitherjoining battle or taking themselves off again, the situation is one that demands great vigilanceand circumspection.

“必謹(jǐn)察之”怎么講

這是孫子的相敵術(shù)，就是通過(guò)觀察敵人的情況，來(lái)判斷敵人隨后的行動(dòng)。透過(guò)現(xiàn)象看本質(zhì)。我認(rèn)為這里孫子認(rèn)為看到的現(xiàn)象與敵人的目的是相反的。敵人總是通過(guò)與要采取的行動(dòng)相反的表現(xiàn)，來(lái)迷惑我們。他越是言辭強(qiáng)勢(shì)，做出前進(jìn)的動(dòng)作，其實(shí)是想撤退。敵人的士兵士氣正旺盛，殺氣騰騰的，與我們的部隊(duì)相對(duì)峙，但是卻很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間不作戰(zhàn)，又不撤退，這一定是有意圖，就要小心觀察。可能是在強(qiáng)制我們，從背后襲擊我們。所以這里也不存在矛盾的問(wèn)題。