新概念英語(yǔ)第二冊(cè)逐句精講語(yǔ)言點(diǎn) 第28課(1)

28課 What is Jasper White's problem?

Jasper White is one of those rare people whobelieves in ancient myths. he has just bought anew housein the city, but ever since he movedin, he has had trouble with cars and theirowners. When he returns home at night, he alwaysfinds that someone has parked a car outside hisgate.Because of this, he has not been able to get hisown car into his garage even once. Jasper has put up'No Parking' signs outside his gate, but these havenot had any effect. Now he has put an ugly stonehead over the gate. Itis one of the ugliest faces I have ever seen. I asked him what it was andhe toldme that it was Medusa, the Gorgon. jasper hopes that she will turn cars and theirowners to stone. Butnone of them has been turned to stone yet!

語(yǔ)法歸納：

定語(yǔ)從句一句話總結(jié)：在句中起定語(yǔ)作用，修飾某一個(gè)名詞或代詞的從句。定語(yǔ)從句中被修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞，定語(yǔ)從句通常出現(xiàn)在先行詞之后，由關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞引出。關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中多充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)等成分;關(guān)系副詞在定語(yǔ)從句中只能作狀語(yǔ)。

關(guān)系代詞：who, whom, whose, which, that

who主格，先行詞是人，在從句中一般作主語(yǔ);

whom賓語(yǔ)，先行詞是人，在從句中一般作賓語(yǔ);

whose屬格，用來(lái)指人或物，在從句中作定語(yǔ);

which,先行詞是事物，在從句中可作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ);

that可指人和物，在從句中可作主語(yǔ)、賓講。

關(guān)系副詞：when, where, why

when 指時(shí)間，先行詞常用day, time, moment, occasion, week, month等;

where 指地點(diǎn)，先行詞常用place, room, spot, city, country等;

why指原因，先行詞常用reason。

例：She is one of the students who is going to take the examination.她是馬上就要參加考試的學(xué)生之一。

I know the boy whose girlfriend is very nice.我認(rèn)識(shí)那個(gè)有漂亮女朋友的男孩。

A letter that is written in pencil is difficult to read.用鉛筆寫(xiě)的信讀起來(lái)很費(fèi)勁。

The river, which flows through London, is called the Thames.這條流經(jīng)倫敦的河叫泰晤士河。

He still remembers the day when he went to school.他依然記得他上學(xué)的那一天。

定語(yǔ)從句分為限制性定語(yǔ)從句和非限制定語(yǔ)從句。限制性定語(yǔ)從句是不能去掉的，如果去掉句子剩下的部分就會(huì)失去意義，句子不能成立或意思表達(dá)不淸楚。非限制定語(yǔ)從句則不然，它只對(duì)所修飾的詞進(jìn)一步的說(shuō)明，去掉之后句子其他部分的意思仍然完整。

1) The river, which flows through London, is called the Thames.這條流經(jīng)倫敦的河叫泰晤士河。(如果去掉“which flows through London”，句子仍完整。)

2) This book was left by John, who was here an hour ago.這本書(shū)是約翰留下的，他一小時(shí)前來(lái)過(guò)。(如果去掉“who was here an hour ago”，句子仍完整。)

精講筆記：

1.Jasper White is one of those rare people who believes in ancient myths.

賈斯珀•懷特是為數(shù)不多的信奉古代神話的人之一。

語(yǔ)言點(diǎn)1 “one of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞”的用法：

1)當(dāng)“one of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞”在句子中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)時(shí)，實(shí)際主語(yǔ)是one，緊跟其后的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一定用單數(shù)形式。

One of my students is a lawyer.我的一個(gè)學(xué)生是律師。

2)當(dāng)“one of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞”后加定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，因?yàn)槎ㄕZ(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞所修飾的先行詞不是one，而是of后面的復(fù)數(shù)名詞，所以從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一定用復(fù)數(shù)形式。

Our organization is just one of many charities that are providing famine relief in the region.我們的組織僅僅是為這個(gè)饑荒地區(qū)提供救濟(jì)的慈善組織之一。

3)要注意，當(dāng)one前有the，thevery，the only等修飾限制時(shí)，從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一定要用單數(shù)。

She is the only one of the students who has already learnt Spanish.她是這些學(xué)生中唯一一個(gè)曾學(xué)過(guò)西班牙語(yǔ)的人。

語(yǔ)言點(diǎn)2 believe in sth. / sb.信奉、相信某物/某人：

believe in Christ信奉基督教

believe in God 信仰上帝

believe in ghosts 相信鬼神

believe in Buddhism 信奉佛教

2.He has just bought a new house in the city, but ever since he moved in, he has hadtrouble with cars and their owners.

他剛在城里買了一所新房子，但自從他搬進(jìn)去后，就和汽車及車主們發(fā)生了摩擦。 語(yǔ)言點(diǎn)1 just常用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)中，請(qǐng)參考Lesson5。

語(yǔ)言點(diǎn)2 in the city = in the downtown在市中心，在城里

相關(guān)表達(dá)：in the suburb在郊區(qū);in the border land在邊疆

I live in the suburb of Beijing and work in the city.我住在北京郎區(qū)，而在城里工作， 語(yǔ)言點(diǎn)3 havetroublewith sth. / sb.和某物/某人有摩擦

Mr. Green always has trouble with his neighbours.格林先生總是和他的鄰居們鬧糾紛。

語(yǔ)言點(diǎn)4 move in遷入;move out遷出;move over挪動(dòng)一下，騰出空位

3.when he returns home at night, he always finds that someone has parked a caroutside hisgate.

當(dāng)他夜里回到家時(shí)，總會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)有人把車停在了他家的大門外。

語(yǔ)言點(diǎn) “動(dòng)詞+ home”中間一般不需加介詞：return home返回家中;go home回家;leave home離開(kāi)家，但stay at home (待在家中)為一個(gè)例外。

比較學(xué)習(xí)：home, house, family, household

home一個(gè)居所以及居于其中的家庭或社會(huì)單位;

house主要指建筑物和住宅;

family 一般側(cè)重指家庭成員;

household指住在一起的家庭成員及其他非親屬(如仆人)所組成的家庭單位。

28課 What is Jasper White's problem?

Jasper White is one of those rare people whobelieves in ancient myths. he has just bought anew housein the city, but ever since he movedin, he has had trouble with cars and theirowners. When he returns home at night, he alwaysfinds that someone has parked a car outside hisgate.Because of this, he has not been able to get hisown car into his garage even once. Jasper has put up'No Parking' signs outside his gate, but these havenot had any effect. Now he has put an ugly stonehead over the gate. Itis one of the ugliest faces I have ever seen. I asked him what it was andhe toldme that it was Medusa, the Gorgon. jasper hopes that she will turn cars and theirowners to stone. Butnone of them has been turned to stone yet!

語(yǔ)法歸納：

定語(yǔ)從句一句話總結(jié)：在句中起定語(yǔ)作用，修飾某一個(gè)名詞或代詞的從句。定語(yǔ)從句中被修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞，定語(yǔ)從句通常出現(xiàn)在先行詞之后，由關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞引出。關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中多充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)等成分;關(guān)系副詞在定語(yǔ)從句中只能作狀語(yǔ)。

關(guān)系代詞：who, whom, whose, which, that

who主格，先行詞是人，在從句中一般作主語(yǔ);

whom賓語(yǔ)，先行詞是人，在從句中一般作賓語(yǔ);

whose屬格，用來(lái)指人或物，在從句中作定語(yǔ);

which,先行詞是事物，在從句中可作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ);

that可指人和物，在從句中可作主語(yǔ)、賓講。

關(guān)系副詞：when, where, why

when 指時(shí)間，先行詞常用day, time, moment, occasion, week, month等;

where 指地點(diǎn)，先行詞常用place, room, spot, city, country等;

why指原因，先行詞常用reason。

例：She is one of the students who is going to take the examination.她是馬上就要參加考試的學(xué)生之一。

I know the boy whose girlfriend is very nice.我認(rèn)識(shí)那個(gè)有漂亮女朋友的男孩。

A letter that is written in pencil is difficult to read.用鉛筆寫(xiě)的信讀起來(lái)很費(fèi)勁。

The river, which flows through London, is called the Thames.這條流經(jīng)倫敦的河叫泰晤士河。

He still remembers the day when he went to school.他依然記得他上學(xué)的那一天。

定語(yǔ)從句分為限制性定語(yǔ)從句和非限制定語(yǔ)從句。限制性定語(yǔ)從句是不能去掉的，如果去掉句子剩下的部分就會(huì)失去意義，句子不能成立或意思表達(dá)不淸楚。非限制定語(yǔ)從句則不然，它只對(duì)所修飾的詞進(jìn)一步的說(shuō)明，去掉之后句子其他部分的意思仍然完整。

1) The river, which flows through London, is called the Thames.這條流經(jīng)倫敦的河叫泰晤士河。(如果去掉“which flows through London”，句子仍完整。)

2) This book was left by John, who was here an hour ago.這本書(shū)是約翰留下的，他一小時(shí)前來(lái)過(guò)。(如果去掉“who was here an hour ago”，句子仍完整。)

精講筆記：

1.Jasper White is one of those rare people who believes in ancient myths.

賈斯珀•懷特是為數(shù)不多的信奉古代神話的人之一。

語(yǔ)言點(diǎn)1 “one of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞”的用法：

1)當(dāng)“one of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞”在句子中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)時(shí)，實(shí)際主語(yǔ)是one，緊跟其后的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一定用單數(shù)形式。

One of my students is a lawyer.我的一個(gè)學(xué)生是律師。

2)當(dāng)“one of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞”后加定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，因?yàn)槎ㄕZ(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞所修飾的先行詞不是one，而是of后面的復(fù)數(shù)名詞，所以從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一定用復(fù)數(shù)形式。

Our organization is just one of many charities that are providing famine relief in the region.我們的組織僅僅是為這個(gè)饑荒地區(qū)提供救濟(jì)的慈善組織之一。

3)要注意，當(dāng)one前有the，thevery，the only等修飾限制時(shí)，從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一定要用單數(shù)。

She is the only one of the students who has already learnt Spanish.她是這些學(xué)生中唯一一個(gè)曾學(xué)過(guò)西班牙語(yǔ)的人。

語(yǔ)言點(diǎn)2 believe in sth. / sb.信奉、相信某物/某人：

believe in Christ信奉基督教

believe in God 信仰上帝

believe in ghosts 相信鬼神

believe in Buddhism 信奉佛教

2.He has just bought a new house in the city, but ever since he moved in, he has hadtrouble with cars and their owners.

他剛在城里買了一所新房子，但自從他搬進(jìn)去后，就和汽車及車主們發(fā)生了摩擦。 語(yǔ)言點(diǎn)1 just常用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)中，請(qǐng)參考Lesson5。

語(yǔ)言點(diǎn)2 in the city = in the downtown在市中心，在城里

相關(guān)表達(dá)：in the suburb在郊區(qū);in the border land在邊疆

I live in the suburb of Beijing and work in the city.我住在北京郎區(qū)，而在城里工作， 語(yǔ)言點(diǎn)3 havetroublewith sth. / sb.和某物/某人有摩擦

Mr. Green always has trouble with his neighbours.格林先生總是和他的鄰居們鬧糾紛。

語(yǔ)言點(diǎn)4 move in遷入;move out遷出;move over挪動(dòng)一下，騰出空位

3.when he returns home at night, he always finds that someone has parked a caroutside hisgate.

當(dāng)他夜里回到家時(shí)，總會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)有人把車停在了他家的大門外。

語(yǔ)言點(diǎn) “動(dòng)詞+ home”中間一般不需加介詞：return home返回家中;go home回家;leave home離開(kāi)家，但stay at home (待在家中)為一個(gè)例外。

比較學(xué)習(xí)：home, house, family, household

home一個(gè)居所以及居于其中的家庭或社會(huì)單位;

house主要指建筑物和住宅;

family 一般側(cè)重指家庭成員;

household指住在一起的家庭成員及其他非親屬(如仆人)所組成的家庭單位。