新概念英語(yǔ)第二冊(cè)詳解第68課:Persistent

Lesson 68 Persistent 糾纏不休

First listen and then answer the question.

聽(tīng)錄音，然后回答以下問(wèn)題。

Why did Elizabeth tell Nigel that she was going to the dentist?

I crossed the street to avoid meeting him, but he saw me and came running towards me. It was no use pretending that I had not seen him, so I waved to him. I never enjoy meeting Nigel Dykes. He never has anything to do. No matter how busy you are, he always insists on coming with you. I had to think of a way of preventing him from following me around all morning.

'Hello, Nigel,' I said. 'Fancy meeting you here!'

'Hi, Elizabeth,' Nigel answered. 'I was just wondering how to spend the morning -- until I saw you. You're not busy doing anything, are you?'

'No, not at all,' I answered. 'I'm going to...'

'Would you mind my coming with you?' he asked, before I had finished speaking.

'Not at all,' I lied, 'but I'm going to the dentist.'

'Then I'll come with you,' he answered. 'There's always plenty to read in the waiting room!

New words and expressions 生詞和短語(yǔ)

persistent adj. 堅(jiān)持的，固執(zhí)的

avoid v. 避開(kāi)

insist v. 堅(jiān)持做

參考譯文

我穿過(guò)馬路以便避開(kāi)他，但他看到我并朝我跑過(guò)來(lái)。若再裝作沒(méi)看見(jiàn)他已是沒(méi)有用了，我只好向他招手。我就怕遇到奈杰爾.戴克斯。他從來(lái)都是無(wú)事可做，不管你多忙，他總是堅(jiān)持要跟你去。我得想辦法不讓他整個(gè)上午纏著我。

“你好，奈杰爾，想不到在這兒見(jiàn)到你。”我說(shuō)。

“你好，伊麗莎白，”奈杰爾回答說(shuō)，“我正不知道怎么消磨這一上午呢，正好見(jiàn)到你。你不忙，是嗎?”

“不，不忙，我打算去......”我回答。

“我跟你一道去行嗎?”沒(méi)等我說(shuō)完話(huà)他就問(wèn)道。

“沒(méi)關(guān)系，但我準(zhǔn)備去牙醫(yī)那里。”我說(shuō)了個(gè)謊。

“那我也跟你去，候診室里總有很多東西可供閱讀!”他回答。

自學(xué)導(dǎo)讀

1.I crossed the street to avoid meeting him, but he saw me and came running towards me. 我穿過(guò)馬路以便避開(kāi)他，但他看到我并朝我跑過(guò)來(lái)。

(1)avoid 以及本課中出現(xiàn)的 enjoy, fancy, mind, finish等動(dòng)詞后面只跟名詞性的賓語(yǔ)，即只跟名詞或動(dòng)名詞：

They managed to avoid a car crash/crashing their car into the wall.

他們?cè)O(shè)法躲過(guò)了一起汽車(chē)撞車(chē)事故/避免了將車(chē)撞在墻上。

(2)running 引導(dǎo)的是分詞短語(yǔ)，作狀語(yǔ)，修飾 came，表示伴隨狀況：

She ran after the thief shouting out for help.

她一邊追趕小偷，一邊大聲喊叫求助。

2.It was no use pretending that I had not seen him…若再裝做沒(méi)看見(jiàn)他已是沒(méi)有用了……

這句話(huà)中，it是先行主語(yǔ)，真正的主語(yǔ)是 pretending 引導(dǎo)的動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)。It is (of) no use doing…是個(gè)固定結(jié)構(gòu)(其中的 of可省略)，表示“做……也是徒勞的/無(wú)益的”：

It is (of) no use worrying about your family.

為你的家人擔(dān)心是無(wú)益的。

3.No matter how busy you are…不管你多忙……

no matter可與疑問(wèn)詞 (how, who, when, where, what等)一起引導(dǎo)讓步從句，表示“無(wú)論”：

No matter where you go, you can't forget your home.

無(wú)論你到哪里，都無(wú)法忘記自己的家。

No matter what I say, I seem to say the wrong thing.

無(wú)論我說(shuō)什么，都似乎說(shuō)得不當(dāng)。

4.I had to think of a way of preventing him from following me around all morning. 我得想辦法不讓他整個(gè)上午纏著我。

think of在這里的含義是“想出”， way在這里表示“辦法”， a way of后面的部分用于修飾 way。prevent表示“阻止/制止”時(shí)其常用結(jié)構(gòu)為 prevent sb. from doing sth., from可以省略：

I can't prevent you from going if you want to.

你如果想去，我無(wú)法阻止。

5.You're not busy doing anything, are you? 你不忙，是吧?

這是一個(gè)附加疑問(wèn)句，又稱(chēng)反意疑問(wèn)句，是由陳述句后面加簡(jiǎn)略疑問(wèn)句構(gòu)成。陳述句如果是肯定的，則附加疑問(wèn)句通常用否定形式;陳述句如果是否定的，則附加的疑問(wèn)句用肯定形式。陳述句中有助動(dòng)詞時(shí)，附加疑問(wèn)句重復(fù)其中的助動(dòng)詞;如果沒(méi)有，則用do的各種形式構(gòu)成：

John was angry, wasn't he?

約翰生氣了，不是嗎?(肯定式+否定式)

He hasn't left, has he?

他沒(méi)走，是嗎?(否定式+肯定式)

I can see him, can't I?

我可以見(jiàn)他，不是嗎?(情態(tài)助動(dòng)詞作助動(dòng)詞)

You like it, don't you?

你喜歡它，不是嗎?(沒(méi)有助動(dòng)詞時(shí)加do)

6.Would you mind my coming with you? 我跟你一道去行嗎?

(1)Would/ Do you mind…? 是一個(gè)用來(lái)表示客氣的請(qǐng)求或征求意見(jiàn)的結(jié)構(gòu)，其中可以用if引導(dǎo)的從句或動(dòng)名詞結(jié)構(gòu)。表示“同意/不介意”時(shí)，用“No, not at all”或“Certainly not”來(lái)回答;不同意時(shí)往往用一些委婉的說(shuō)法，如“ I'm sorry, but…”等回答，不用“yes, I do”：

(2)如果動(dòng)名詞的動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者與句子的主語(yǔ)不一致時(shí)，它前面可以加所有格形容詞或賓格代詞，作為動(dòng)名詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)(cf. 本課語(yǔ)法)：

I hope you won't mind my staying here.

我希望你不介意我呆在這兒。

語(yǔ)法 Grammar in use

動(dòng)名詞的一些用法

(1)在第20課的語(yǔ)法中，我們學(xué)習(xí)了動(dòng)名詞的基本形式和作用，在第44課的語(yǔ)法中，我們學(xué)習(xí)了動(dòng)名詞用于某些短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞

(look forward to, be used to等)之后、一些表示喜好的動(dòng)詞(hate, love, prefer等)之后不定式與動(dòng)名詞的區(qū)別以及 need 和want之后動(dòng)名詞的用法等：

I like watching TV.

我喜歡看電視。(一般行為)

I'd like to watch TV.

我(現(xiàn)在)想看電視。(特定)

The strap needs mending.

這提包帶需要修理。(動(dòng)名詞在這里有被動(dòng)的含義)

(2)有些動(dòng)詞后可以用動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)，但不能用不定式。這些動(dòng)詞包括 avoid, admit, deny, fancy, finish, enjoy, mind(在乎，在意)，suggest, stand(容忍)等：

I tried to avoid meeting him.

我試圖避開(kāi)他。

I never enjoy meeting Nigel Dykes.

我就怕遇到奈杰爾·戴克斯。

I haven't finished speaking yet.

我還沒(méi)有說(shuō)完。

(3)有些結(jié)構(gòu)通常要接動(dòng)名詞，如 busy, worth, it is no/little use, bored with, interested in, insist on, prevent…from等：

I'm busy making meat pies.

我正忙著做肉餡餅。

A Lancaster bomber in reasonable condition is worth rescuing.

一架狀況尚好的蘭開(kāi)斯特轟炸機(jī)值得搶救。

He insisted on paying.

他堅(jiān)持要付錢(qián)。

I'm interested in acting.

我對(duì)表演感興趣。

(4)動(dòng)名詞可以有自己的邏輯主語(yǔ)(即動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者，而不是句子的主語(yǔ))：

He insisted on my paying the bill.

他堅(jiān)持要我付賬。

I don't think the children enjoy your/his/John's singing.

我不認(rèn)為孩子們喜歡你/他/約翰唱的歌。

Please excuse his not writing to you.

請(qǐng)?jiān)徦麤](méi)有給你寫(xiě)信。

Do you mind my smoking?

我可以抽煙嗎?

Do you mind opening/my opening the door?

你/我可以開(kāi)門(mén)嗎?

(5)come和go之后可以跟與戶(hù)外活動(dòng)相關(guān)的動(dòng)名詞(climbing, driving, fishing, riding, shopping, walking等)，表示建議、邀請(qǐng)或敘事：

Why don't we go swimming?

為什么我們不去游泳呢?

Come dancing this evening.

今晚來(lái)跳舞吧。

Yesterday we went fishing.

昨天我們?nèi)メ烎~(yú)了。

(6)感知?jiǎng)釉~(hear, see, feel, watch等)后面既可以跟賓語(yǔ)加分詞結(jié)構(gòu)，也可以跟賓語(yǔ)加不帶to的不定式?，F(xiàn)在分詞往往強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作正在發(fā)生，用于敘述中時(shí)使人身臨其境;不定式則可以表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生了或過(guò)程結(jié)束了。有時(shí)它們之間的區(qū)別不大，可以互相替換使用。試比較：

I watched him climb/climbing the tree.

我看到他爬樹(shù)了。(區(qū)別不大)

詞匯學(xué)習(xí) Word study

1.fancy vt.

(1)設(shè)想，想像：

Fancy meeting you here!

想不到在這兒見(jiàn)到你!

Fancy Ian not knowing the answer to such an easy question!

真想不到伊恩竟會(huì)不知道如何回答這樣一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的問(wèn)題!

(2)想要，喜歡(往往用于指?jìng)€(gè)人愛(ài)好)：

I don't fancy going for a walk in the rain.

我不愛(ài)在雨中散步。

It's a fine day and I fancy driving down to the coast.

天氣真好，我想開(kāi)車(chē)去海邊。

2.insist vt.,vi.

(1)堅(jiān)持，堅(jiān)決認(rèn)為：

He insisted that he was right.

他堅(jiān)持他是對(duì)的。

He insists on the importance of the meeting.

他強(qiáng)調(diào)這個(gè)會(huì)議的重要性。

(2)堅(jiān)決主張/要求，一定要：

I insist on speaking to the manager.

我堅(jiān)決要求/一定要與經(jīng)理談話(huà)。

My wife insists that I (should) have my hair cut.

我妻子執(zhí)意要我理發(fā)。

練習(xí)答案 Key to written exercises

1.關(guān)鍵句型練習(xí)答案

C (sample sentences)

1 It's no use trying to reason with him.

2 Let's go swimming.

3 Forgive my interrupting you.

4 Do you deny having taken/taking the money?

5 He came rushing towards me.

6 I'm busy writing letters.

7 I always enjoy going to the cinema.

8 Would you mind closing the door, please?

2.多項(xiàng)選擇題答案

1b 2b 3c 4d 5b 6b

7b 8c 9c 10 c 11a 12a

【New words and expressions】 生詞和短語(yǔ)

★persistent　adj. 堅(jiān)持的，固執(zhí)的

You are stubborn.

persist:堅(jiān)持(不顧阻攔一味的堅(jiān)持)persist in doing sth.

insist:堅(jiān)持(認(rèn)為、說(shuō)、是人的一種態(tài)度) insist on doing sth.

perseverance:堅(jiān)持不懈(褒義)　　　　　 persevere in

★avoid　v. 避開(kāi)

avoid doing sth.

★insist　v. 堅(jiān)持做

【課文講解】

avoid meeting

cross:(v.)穿過(guò)

across:(adv./prep)穿過(guò)

came running 向我跑過(guò)來(lái)

go shopping,go swimming,go skating

it is no use doing...做某件事情是沒(méi)有用處的

It is no use crying over the spilled millk.

enjoy doing

like,love,enjoy,appreciate

用不定式做定語(yǔ)，修飾anything

insists on coming

No matter :無(wú)論+從句(要以特殊疑問(wèn)詞引導(dǎo))

No matter how busy you are.

I had to think of a way of preventing

think of a way of doing :想一個(gè)作某事的方法

prevent do from doing sth :讓某人不做某事

stop sb.from doing sth ;讓某人不做某事

keep sb.from doing sth.

forbid sb.to do sth.

Fancy meeting you here?　真想不到會(huì)在這里見(jiàn)到你!

fancy = imagine

fancy + 名詞——表示驚訝

不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，做賓語(yǔ)從句

be busy doing:忙著做某事

反意疑問(wèn)句的回答，根據(jù)事實(shí)回答

finish doing

complete doing

Would you mind my coming with you?

mind + v.-ing

for sb.--邏輯主語(yǔ)

my --形容詞性物主代詞

如果是名詞，就變成名詞所有格

Would you mind my parents' having dinner with me?

Would you mind me opening the door?

mind+v.-ing

-ing 的邏輯主語(yǔ)，是四種形式，分兩大類(lèi)：

1.作為代詞，可以用人稱(chēng)代詞的賓格，又可以用形容詞性物主代詞。

2.作為名詞，可以保持本身不變，也可以變成名詞所有格

my---me 可以互換

Would you mind my/me smoking?

Would you mind me making myself at Home?

【語(yǔ)法精粹】

4.動(dòng)名詞復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)：由名詞所有格或物主代詞與動(dòng)名詞構(gòu)成

His leaving is a great loss.

他的離去是一個(gè)很大的損失

Mother dislikes my (me)working late.

媽媽不喜歡我工作很遲

John's having seen her did not make her worried.

約翰已經(jīng)見(jiàn)到她的事實(shí)，沒(méi)有讓她感到擔(dān)心

注：動(dòng)名詞復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)多作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，作主語(yǔ)是必須是所有格，(名詞所有格、形容詞性物主代詞)。但作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可以用所有格，也可用普通格

-ing前面出現(xiàn)邏輯，這個(gè)邏輯主語(yǔ)可以出現(xiàn)四種情況：

作代詞：形容詞性物主代詞，人稱(chēng)代詞賓格

作名詞：名詞所有格，普通格

那些詞后面可以接動(dòng)詞-ing

介詞，某些動(dòng)詞(avoid,enjoy,finish,it is no use,prevent sb.from,fancy,imagine,escape,risk,allow);

語(yǔ)法精粹：

3)賓語(yǔ)：下列動(dòng)詞須跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)：

admit,deny,appreciate,enjoy,avoid,complete,delay,fancy,finish,mind,practice,risk,suggest,allow,permit...

practice(n.)practise(v.)

advice(n.)advise(vt.) advise sb.to do/advise doing

insist on doing,persist in doing,persevere in doing

give up doing

特注：

以allow為列：allow+doing sth.(動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ))，但可以：allow sb.to do sth.(不定式作賓語(yǔ))

這類(lèi)動(dòng)詞常見(jiàn)如：advise,allow,permit,recommend,etc.

Structure:

6...b...

insist on

insist + 從句(should +原形)

10...c

salute :問(wèn)候(軍人向長(zhǎng)官的)行軍禮，敬禮

greet:問(wèn)候

12...a...

lie to:向某人撒謊

false:假的

lie:謊言 What she said was a lie.

9...c...

as if :似乎，好像

make :制造，做

do as if (不這么用)

act as if

conduct as if (conduct+oneself:表現(xiàn))

Summary writing:

Even though

When because

Composition

1...

As(因?yàn)?...whom(引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句)...in order to (目的狀語(yǔ))

As there was a dentist nearby whow she knew well Elizabeth decided to go there in order to explain what had happened.

2....

While(時(shí)間)...and(并列的兩個(gè)句子)

3...

After...and asked Nigel if...(間接引語(yǔ))

After Elizabeth left,the dentist went into the waiting room and asked Nigel if he wanted to have his teeth ezamined.