在雅思閱讀題型中,摘要題(Summary)是運用語意推斷的重點題型之一。在解題時,我們需要根據空格所在句及前后句的邏輯關系詞,分析詞語之間、句子之間的語意關系,推斷出所缺單詞的大致含義。
在摘要題中,有一個非常重要的規(guī)律是:題干中的句子、之間的邏輯關系在原文中一般不變(表現方式通常會變),也就是說,題干中如果存在因果關系,那么原文所在句也一定會因果關系重現。因此,邏輯關系詞可以有效地協(xié)助題干關鍵詞在原文中定位答案。
下面舉幾個劍橋雅思中的例子說明邏輯關系詞的重要作用。
1.并列關系 如劍5T2P3
題干:
In Britain, moreover, scientists worried that English had neither thetechnical vocabulary nor the grammatical resources to express their ideas.
原文:First, it lacked the necessary technical vocabulary. Second, it lackedthe grammatical resources required to represent the world …
題干中出現的neither…nor…表示“既不…也不…”,是連接兩個否定概念的并列邏輯關系詞。原文中的first, it lacked …,second it lacked …表示了同樣的邏輯關系,盡管表現方式有所變化。解題時,這種對應的邏輯關系可以使我們在原文中快速定位答案。
2. 轉折和因果關系 劍5T2P3
題干:
Although English was then overtaken by German, it developed again in the19th century as a direct result of the industrial revolution.
原文:
In the following century much of this momentum was lost as Germanestablished itself as the leading European language of science. … However, inthe 19th century scientific English again enjoyed substantial lexical growth asthe industrial revolution created the need for new technical vocabulary.
題干中出現了表示轉折關系的although, 對應于原文中的however;同時,題干還出現了表示因果關系的as adirect result of, 對應原文中表因果的邏輯關系詞as。
3. 遞進關系 劍5T3P2
題干:
To deal with this, Stanley suggests the use of artificial floods in theshort term, and increasing the amount of water available through desalination inthe longer term.
原文:
In the immediate future, Stanley believes that one solution would be tomake artificial floods to flush out the delta waterways, in the same way thatnatural floods did before the construction of the dams. He says, however, thatin the long term an alternative process such as desalination may have to be usedto increase the amount of water available.
in the short term … in the longer term…是題干中出現的表示遞進關系的邏輯關系詞。通過快速查讀原文,可以發(fā)現相同的邏輯結構in the immediate future … in the long term …。
在雅思備考過程中,精讀是行之有效的一種訓練方法。通過精讀,我們可以發(fā)現邏輯關系詞常常是考點所在。