1. the most common procedure for doing this is negotiation, the act of communication intended to reach agreement.
結構分析:過去分詞短語intended to reach agreement是the act of communication的后置定語,the act of communication intended to reach agreement是negotiation的同位語,對
negotiation進行解釋。
中文譯文:做這件事的最常用的方法是談判—一種想要達成一致的交流的行為。
小竅門:過去分詞短語做后置定語在IELTS閱讀中經常出現。因為形式相同.有時,容易理解為謂語(過去式).從而造成理解上的障礙。怎樣區(qū)分動詞加ed形式是謂語(過去式),還是后置定語(過去分詞短語)呢?有兩種方法:
(1看它與前面的詞是主動還是被動的關系。是主動,則是謂語,過去式。如果是被動的關系,則是后置定語,過去分詞短語。如上面例句中,intended to reach agreement與communication是被動的關系,所以是過去分詞短語做后置定語。
(2)看句子中,是否有其他的謂語成分。一個句子中,只能有一個謂語成分,所以,如果該句已有了一個確定無疑的謂語,那么這個ed只能是過去分詞短語了。如上面的例句中,is肯定是謂語,所以intended不能再是謂語了。
2. Yet, a father accepting responsibility for behavior problems is linked with positive outcomes.
結構分析:accepting responsibility for behavior problems是現在分詞短語做father的后置定語。
中文譯文:一個接受行為問題責任的父親是和正面的結果相聯(lián)系的。
3. Expeditioners heading south were issued with pamphlets listing five-letter codes covering almost every conceivable situation so they could communicate with their families and still keep within strict "word limits" during their year on base.
結構分析:句子中Expeditioners heading south were issued with…是由一個定語從句簡化而來的,即:Expeditioners which/that headed south were issued with---,由于which所指就expeditioners,即:主語相同;而which和head之間又是主動關系,所以,可以省略為一個帶有動名詞的短語.即:Expeditioners heading south were issued with- - -.
同理,pamphlets listing five-letter codes covering almost every conceivable situation都是由定語從句得來的,即:pamphlets that/which listed five-letter codes that/which covered almost every conceivable situation,因為that/which所指的都是其前面的那個中心詞,即:主語相同;而that/ which和其前面的那個中心詞之間又是主動關系,所以.可以省略一個帶有動名詞的短語。
中文譯文:往南走的探險者都發(fā)了小手冊,其上有用5個字母表示的代碼。這些代碼涵蓋了幾乎每一種可以想象得到的情況。這樣,這些探險者們就能夠和他們的家人交流,并在談話有限的悄況下.依然能夠在基地堅持住。
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