雅思聽(tīng)力對(duì)話：斯多葛哲學(xué)02
雅思聽(tīng)力在考試中占據(jù)著重要的地位，時(shí)常用聽(tīng)力材料來(lái)磨耳朵可以不斷鞏固大腦的英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言能力。以下是雅思聽(tīng)力材料，您可以結(jié)合MP3和下方的原文及翻譯進(jìn)行聽(tīng)力學(xué)習(xí)。
聽(tīng)力原文及翻譯
The founding fathers of the United States were inspired by the philosophy. George Washington was introduced to stoicism by his neighbors at age 17 and later put on a play based on the life of Cato to inspire his men. Thomas Jefferson kept a copy of Seneca beside his bed. Writers and artists have also been inspired by the Stoics.
美國(guó)的開(kāi)國(guó)元?jiǎng)讉兌际艿剿苟喔鹫軐W(xué)的啟發(fā)。喬治·華盛頓 17 歲時(shí)在鄰居的介紹下接觸了斯多葛主義，后來(lái)他根據(jù)卡托的生平創(chuàng)作了一部戲劇來(lái)激勵(lì)他的手下。托馬斯·杰斐遜在床邊放了一本塞涅卡的作品。作家和藝術(shù)家也受到斯多葛學(xué)派的啟發(fā)。
Eugene Delacroix, the renowned French romantic artist known best for his painting Liberty Leading the People, was an ardent stoic, referring to it as his "consoling religion." The economist Adam Smith's theories on capitalism were significantly influenced by the stoicism that he studied as a schoolboy under a teacher who had translated Marcus Aurelius' works.
尤金·德拉克洛瓦是著名的法國(guó)浪漫主義藝術(shù)家，以其畫作《自由引導(dǎo)人民》而聞名，他是一位熱情的斯多葛主義者，稱其為他的“安慰宗教”。經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家亞當(dāng)·斯密的資本主義理論深受斯多葛主義的影響，他在學(xué)生時(shí)代師從一位翻譯過(guò)馬可·奧勒留作品的老師。
Today's political leaders are no different, with many finding their inspiration from the ancient texts. Former US President Bill Clinton rereads Marcus Aurelius every single year, and many have compared former President Obama's calm leadership style to that of Cato.
今天的政治領(lǐng)袖也不例外，許多人從古代文獻(xiàn)中尋找靈感。美國(guó)前總統(tǒng)比爾·克林頓每年都會(huì)重讀馬可·奧勒留的作品，許多人將前總統(tǒng)奧巴馬冷靜的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)風(fēng)格與卡托的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)風(fēng)格進(jìn)行了比較。
Stoicism had a profound influence on Albert Ellis, who invented cognitive behavior therapy, which is used to help people manage their problems by changing the way that they think and behave. It's most commonly used to treat depression. The idea is that we can take control of our lives by challenging the irrational beliefs that create our faulty thinking, symptoms, and behaviors, by using logic instead.
斯多葛主義對(duì)艾伯特·埃利斯產(chǎn)生了深遠(yuǎn)的影響，后者發(fā)明了認(rèn)知行為療法，該療法用于通過(guò)改變?nèi)藗兊乃季S和行為方式來(lái)幫助人們解決問(wèn)題。它最常用于治療抑郁癥。這個(gè)想法是，我們可以通過(guò)挑戰(zhàn)造成我們錯(cuò)誤思維、癥狀和行為的非理性信念，用邏輯來(lái)控制我們的生活。
Stoicism has also become popular in the world of business. Stoic principles can build the resilience and state of mind required to overcome setbacks, because stoics teach turning obstacles into opportunity—a lesson every business entrepreneur needs to learn. I would argue that studying stoicism is as relevant today as it was 2,000 years ago, thanks to its brilliant insights into how to lead a good life.
斯多葛主義在商業(yè)世界中也很受歡迎。斯多葛主義原則可以培養(yǎng)克服挫折所需的韌性和心態(tài)，因?yàn)樗苟喔鹬髁x者教導(dǎo)人們將障礙轉(zhuǎn)化為機(jī)遇——這是每個(gè)企業(yè)家都需要學(xué)習(xí)的一課。我認(rèn)為，由于斯多葛哲學(xué)對(duì)如何過(guò)上美好生活有著深刻的見(jiàn)解，因此，研究斯多葛哲學(xué)在今天和 2000 年前一樣重要。
At the very root of the thinking, there is a very simple way of living: control what you can, and accept what you can't. This is not as easy as it sounds and will require considerable effort. It can take a lifetime to master.
斯多葛哲學(xué)的根本思想是一種非常簡(jiǎn)單的生活方式：控制你能控制的，接受你不能控制的。這并不像聽(tīng)起來(lái)那么容易，需要付出相當(dāng)大的努力。可能需要一生的時(shí)間才能掌握。
The Stoics also believed the most important foundation for a good and happy life is not money, fame, power, or pleasure, but having a disciplined and principled character. Something which seems to resonate with many people today.
斯多葛學(xué)派還認(rèn)為，美好幸福生活的最重要基礎(chǔ)不是金錢、名譽(yù)、權(quán)力或享樂(lè)，而是擁有自律和有原則的性格。這似乎引起了當(dāng)今許多人的共鳴。
以上就是本期的雅思聽(tīng)力練習(xí)，希望對(duì)您的聽(tīng)力水平有所幫助。你也可以訪問(wèn)網(wǎng)站主頁(yè)，獲取最新的英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)資料，全方位提升英語(yǔ)能力。
