法律通常是指由社會認可國家確認立法機關制定規(guī)范的行為規(guī)則,并由國家強制力(主要是 司法機關)保證實施的,以規(guī)定當事人權利和義務為內容的,對全體社會成員具有普遍約束力的一種特殊行為規(guī)范(社會規(guī)范)。“法律語言同其他語言一樣,是我們在特定的社會文化背景下長期使用中形成的一種具有特殊用途和自身規(guī)律的語言變體。法律語篇具有獨特的交際目的,這種特殊的目的通過獨特的語類結構實現。語類是一種具有階段性和目的指向性的社會過程。”(王振華,2012:49)法律文本的主要功能是規(guī)范和引導人類行為,提供信息為次要功能。因此翻譯法律文本時,應該秉承準確性、精確性、一致性以及專業(yè)化的原則,使得譯文語言規(guī)范化。
專利法是確認發(fā)明人(或其權利繼受人)對其發(fā)明享有專有權,規(guī)定專利權的取得與消滅、專利權的實施與保護,以及其他專利權人的權利和義務的法律規(guī)范的總稱。今天我們主要討論一下專利法常見句型的翻譯,這些句子來源于本人翻譯實踐,譯文有待繼續(xù)打磨,歡迎您的建議。
1. OTHERWISE
原文:The following words and phrases, wherever mentioned in this Law, shall have the meanings designated hereunder, unless otherwise indicated by context:
我的譯文:本法所稱的術語,都有其指定含義,除文意另有所指外:
原文:To the employer, if the invention is a result of an employment contract which requires the employee to carry out a particular inventive activity, unless otherwise stipulated by contract.
我的譯文:因雇傭合同要求雇員進行某項創(chuàng)造性活動而產生的發(fā)明,專利權授予雇主,除合同另有規(guī)定外。
2. SUBJECT TO
原文:Any assignment, transfer of ownership, or license to use the patent granted by the patentee to others, subject to the provisions of confidentiality in the licensing agreement.
我的譯文:所有權的轉讓,或專利權人授予他人的專利許可,都應遵守許可證協(xié)議中的保密規(guī)定。
原文:Subject to this section, an appeal shall be brought in such manner and shall be subject to such conditions as are prescribed by rules made under subsection (5).
譯文:在符合本條的規(guī)定下,上訴須按根據(5)款訂立的規(guī)則內訂明的方式提出,并須受該規(guī)則所訂明的條件規(guī)限。
3. WHERE
原文:The Patentee shall be entitled to the following rights:
Where the subject matter of the patent is a product, the right to prevent third parties from making, exploiting, using, offering for sale, selling, or importing the product, without the patentee''s consent.
譯文:專利權人享有以下權利:
專利發(fā)明物為現成的產品的,未經專利權人的許可,不得制作、使用、許諾銷售、銷售、進口其專利產品。
原文:Where the applicant for a patent for invention has not been granted a patent right within two years from the date of filing, it or he shall pay a fee for the maintenance of the application from the third year. The first maintenance fee shall be paid within the first month of the third year. The subsequent maintenance fees shall be paid in advance within the month before the expiration of the preceding year.
譯文:發(fā)明專利申請人自申請日起滿兩年尚未被授予專利權的,自第三年度起每年繳納申請維持費。第一次申請維持費應當在第三年度的第一個月內繳納,以后的申請維持費應當在前一年度期滿前一個月內預繳。
參考文獻:
[1]李克興,張新丘. 法律文本與法律翻譯[M].北京:中國對外翻譯出版公司,2006.
[2]王振華. 《憲法》的語類研究[J]. 廣東外語外貿大學學報,2012,(03):49-54.