少肉多菜可以延長壽命，改善心臟健康

少肉多菜可以延長壽命，改善心臟健康

Eating more plants and less meat has been tied to a longer life and a reduced risk of cardiovascular disease in a new study.

一項新的研究表明，多吃植物，少吃肉與長壽和降低心血管疾病風險有關。

Sticking to an overall plant-based diet or a diet that includes more plant foods than animal foods could be associated with a 16% lower risk of cardiovascular disease and up to 25% lower risk of early death, according to the study published in the Journal of the American Heart Association this week.

根據本周發(fā)表在“美國心臟協會雜志”上的一項研究，堅持以植物為基礎的飲食，或堅持含有比動物食品更多的植物食品的飲食，可能會降低16%的心血管疾病風險，最高可降低25%的早期死亡風險。

The new study adds to "the substantial body of literature" suggesting that consuming a plant-based diet is associated with better heart health and lower risk of death, said Casey Rebholz, an assistant professor at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health in Baltimore and senior author of the study.

巴爾的摩約翰·霍普金斯大學布隆伯格公共衛(wèi)生學院助理教授、該研究的資深作者凱西·雷布霍爾茨表示，這項新研究補充了“大量文獻”，表明食用植物性飲食與改善心臟健康和降低死亡風險有關。

"Plant-based diets emphasize higher intakes of plant foods and lower intakes of animal foods. Foods derived from plants include fruits, vegetables, whole grains, nuts, and legumes," Rebholz said.

Rebholz說：“植物性飲食強調植物性食物的高攝入量，而動物性食物的低攝入量。來自植物的食物包括水果、蔬菜、全谷類、堅果和豆類。”

"Animal foods include meat, eggs, dairy, and fish or seafood," she said. "In this study, we did not define plant-based diets on the basis of complete exclusion of animal foods from the diet ... but rather ranked individuals according to their relative frequency of intake of these foods."

“動物食品包括肉，雞蛋，奶制品，魚或海鮮，”她說。“在這項研究中，我們沒有在完全排除動物性食物的基礎上定義植物性飲食…而是根據攝入這些食物的相對頻率對個體進行排名。”

The study involved data on 12,168 middle-aged adults in the United States, which came from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study.

這項研究涉及了來自美國國家心肺血液研究所社區(qū)動脈粥樣硬化風險研究的12,168名中年成年人的數據。

The adults, who were followed up from 1987 through 2016, did not have cardiovascular disease at the start of the study.

這些成年人從1987年到2016年進行了隨訪，在研究開始時沒有心血管疾病。

The researchers took a close look at each adult's usual diet and their heart health later in life, including whether they were diagnosed with stroke, heart failure or other events related to cardiovascular disease.

研究人員仔細觀察了每個成年人的日常飲食和他們晚年的心臟健康狀況，包括他們是否被診斷出中風、心力衰竭或其他與心血管疾病相關的事件。

After analyzing the data, the researchers found that the adults who adhered to diets with mostly plant-based foods, compared with those who had the lowest adherence, had a 16% lower risk of cardiovascular disease; about 32% lower risk of dying from a cardiovascular disease; and 18% to 25% lower risk of early death from any cause.

在分析數據后，研究人員發(fā)現，堅持以植物性食物為主的成年人，與堅持程度最低的人相比，患心血管疾病的風險降低了16%;死于心血管疾病的風險降低了32%;任何原因導致的早期死亡風險降低了18%到25%。

The study had some limitations, including that the data on dietary intakes were based on people self-reporting their eating habits, which poses a risk of measurement error.

這項研究有一些局限性，包括飲食攝入量的數據是基于人們自我報告的飲食習慣，這可能會導致測量誤差。

More research is needed to determine if a causal relationship exists, and to determine how the modern food supply might influence outcomes, as the data in the study came from years' past.

需要更多的研究來確定兩者之間是否存在因果關系，以及現代食品供應可能如何影響結果，因為研究中的數據來自多年前。