讓屏幕代替父母陪孩子？

寶寶吵鬧的時(shí)候，自己暫時(shí)有事要忙的時(shí)候，有些家長可能會給孩子塞個(gè)手機(jī)或平板電腦，讓寶寶玩會兒游戲或看動畫片。

近日，世界衛(wèi)生組織對此提出建議，兩歲以下的嬰幼兒不要看電視和其他屏幕，兩歲到四歲的幼童每天看電視不要超過一個(gè)小時(shí)。

對此，有些家長表示，真的很難做到啊......

Photo by Hal Gatewood on Unsplash

 

Babies and toddlers should not be left to passively watch TV or other screens, according to new World Health Organization guidelines.

根據(jù)世界衛(wèi)生組織新發(fā)布的指導(dǎo)方針，不應(yīng)該讓嬰幼兒被動地看電視或其他屏幕。

Sedentary screen time, including computer games, should not happen before a child is two, the WHO says.

世界衛(wèi)生組織稱，兩歲以下的幼兒不能久坐不動地看屏幕，包括玩電腦游戲。

sedentary ['sed(?)nt?ri]: adj.需要久坐的;慣于久坐不動的

The limit for two- to four-year-olds is an hour a day and less is better.

兩歲到四歲的幼童每天看屏幕的時(shí)間最好不要超過一個(gè)小時(shí)。

The new WHO advice focuses on passive viewing - youngsters being placed in front of a TV or computer screen or handed a tablet or mobile phone for entertainment - and is aimed at tackling child inactivity, a leading risk factor for global mortality and obesity-related ill health.

世界衛(wèi)生組織的新指導(dǎo)意見主要關(guān)注被動看屏幕的現(xiàn)象——小孩被放在電視機(jī)或電腦前，或讓孩子玩平板電腦或手機(jī)，該指導(dǎo)意見的目標(biāo)是解決兒童缺乏活動的問題，活動量不足是造成全球死亡和肥胖相關(guān)疾病的首要風(fēng)險(xiǎn)因素。

It is the first time the WHO has made recommendations on physical activity, sedentary behavior and sleep for children under five.

這是世界衛(wèi)生組織首次對五歲以下兒童的身體活動、久坐行為和睡眠提出建議。

As well as warning against passive screen time, it says babies should not spend longer than an hour at a time strapped into a buggy, car seat or sling.

除了對被動屏幕時(shí)間提出警告，世界衛(wèi)生組織還指出，寶寶坐在嬰兒車(童車)、車座或背帶上的時(shí)間一次不能超過一個(gè)小時(shí)。

buggy['b?ɡi]: n. 童車

具體建議如下：

For babies:

嬰兒：

Be physically active several times a day, including at least 30 minutes' "tummy time" - lying on their front

每天做數(shù)次運(yùn)動，包括至少30分鐘的俯臥

No sedentary screen time

不能久坐看屏幕

14-17 hours' sleep a day, including naps, for newborns - reducing to 12-16 by four to 11 months

新生兒每天睡14到17個(gè)小時(shí)(包括打盹)，4-11月嬰兒每天睡12到 16個(gè)小時(shí)

Should not be restrained (ie strapped into a recliner, seat or sling) for more than an hour at a time

坐在躺椅、座椅或背帶上一次不能超過一個(gè)小時(shí)

For one- and two-year-olds:

一歲到兩歲幼兒：

At least three hours' physical activity a day

每天至少活動三個(gè)小時(shí)

No sedentary screen time for one-year-olds and less than an hour for two-year-olds

一歲幼兒不能久坐看屏幕，兩歲幼兒看屏幕時(shí)間要少于1個(gè)小時(shí)

11-14 hours' sleep a day, including naps

每天睡11到14個(gè)小時(shí)，包括打盹

Should not be restrained for more than an hour at a time or sit for extended periods of time

坐在童車、背帶或座椅上的時(shí)間一次不能超過一個(gè)小時(shí)

For three- and four-year-olds:

三歲到四歲兒童：

At least three hours' physical activity a day, including at least one of moderate or vigorous intensity

每天至少活動三個(gè)小時(shí)，包括至少一次中高強(qiáng)度的鍛煉

Up to an hour of sedentary screen time - less is better

久坐看屏幕的時(shí)間最好不要超過一個(gè)小時(shí)

10-13 hours' sleep a day, which may include a nap

每天睡10到13個(gè)小時(shí)，包括午休

Should not be restrained for more than an hour at a time or sit for extended periods of time

坐在童車或座椅上的時(shí)間一次不能超過一個(gè)小時(shí)

The WHO advice is based on available evidence, but there is still a lack of definitive research into the harms and possible benefits of screen use.

世界衛(wèi)生組織的建議是基于能獲得的證據(jù)，但對于屏幕使用的危害和潛在的益處還沒有確切的研究結(jié)果。

However, it was unlikely very young children gained from passive, sedentary viewing, said one of the guideline authors, Dr Juana Willumsen.

但是，指導(dǎo)方針的作者之一胡安娜·維盧姆森博士說，太小的孩子不太可能從被動、久坐的屏幕時(shí)間獲益。

"Children need to be given opportunities throughout the day to actively play and we should be reducing sedentary, passive screen time," she said.

她說：“應(yīng)該讓孩子有機(jī)會在一天中活躍地玩耍，減少久坐、被動的屏幕時(shí)間。”

其他專家怎么說?

In the US, experts say children should not use screens before they are 18 months old.

在美國，專家稱孩子在滿18個(gè)月之前都不能看屏幕。

In Canada, screen time for children younger than two is not recommended.

在加拿大，兩歲以下幼童不建議看屏幕。

Dr Max Davie, from the RCPCH, said: "The restricted screen time limits suggested by the WHO do not seem proportionate to the potential harm.

英國皇家兒科醫(yī)學(xué)院的麥克斯·戴維醫(yī)生說：“世界衛(wèi)生組織建議的屏幕時(shí)間限制和看屏幕的潛在危害似乎不成比例。”

"Our research has shown that currently there is not strong enough evidence to support the setting of screen time limits. "

“我們的研究顯示，目前沒有強(qiáng)有力的證據(jù)足以支持世衛(wèi)組織提出的屏幕時(shí)間限制。”

父母們能做什么?

Paula Morton, a teacher and mother of two young children, said her son learned a lot from watching programs about dinosaurs and came out with "random facts about them".

寶拉·莫爾頓是一名老師，也是兩個(gè)小孩的母親，她說她的兒子從觀看恐龍節(jié)目中學(xué)到了很多東西，了解到了關(guān)于恐龍的一些冷知識。

random fact: 冷知識

"He doesn't just sit there and zone out," she said. "He's obviously thinking and using his brain.

她說：“他并不是坐在那里腦袋空空。他顯然是在動腦筋思考。

zone out: 頭腦空白，走神

"I don't know how I would make the dinner, cook and clean if he didn't have something to watch."

“如果不讓他看點(diǎn)什么，我不知道我要怎么做飯和打掃。”

英國皇家兒科醫(yī)學(xué)院建議父母可以問自己以下這幾個(gè)問題：

Is screen time controlled?

屏幕時(shí)間是否得到控制?

Does screen use interfere with what your family want to do?

屏幕使用是否干擾了家庭計(jì)劃?

Does screen use interfere with sleep?

屏幕使用是否干擾了睡眠?

Are you able to control snacking during screen time?

你能控制孩子在屏幕時(shí)間不吃零食嗎?

If a family are satisfied with their answers to these questions, then they are likely to be handling screen time well, the college says.

學(xué)院表示，如果對于這些問題一個(gè)家庭能給出滿意的答案，那他們就能妥善處理屏幕時(shí)間的問題。