復(fù)雜的并列句的拆分和理解 例273

例273　The overall result has been to make entrance to professional geological journals harder for amateurs, a result that has been reinforced by the widespread introduction of refereeing, first by national journals in the 19th century and then by several local geological journals in the 20th century.

【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】The overall result是主語，動(dòng)詞是has been to make，賓語是entrance to professional geological journals，賓語補(bǔ)足語是harder，是個(gè)形容詞，a result是個(gè)同位語，做前面整個(gè)句子的同位語，that引導(dǎo)定語從句has been reinforced by the widespread introduction of refereeing，后面加上兩個(gè)并列短語，做reinforced后面的賓語，一個(gè)是by national journals in the 19th century，一個(gè)是by several local geological journals in the 20th century。

【亮點(diǎn)回放】此句話的亮點(diǎn)在于對a result這個(gè)名詞正確理解，是做前面的同位語，很難理解，后面加上特別長和有氣勢的定語從句，兩個(gè)名詞短語并列，很有震撼力。

【參考譯文】這樣一來總的結(jié)果便是業(yè)余愛好者想在專業(yè)地質(zhì)學(xué)期刊發(fā)表文章就更難了，而被廣泛使用的論文評審?fù)扑]制度又進(jìn)一步強(qiáng)化了這一結(jié)果，該種制度先是出現(xiàn)在19世紀(jì)的國家級刊物上，后又在20世紀(jì)被幾家地方級地質(zhì)學(xué)刊物所使用。