2022年11月11日 VOA慢速英語(yǔ)：語(yǔ)法和八卦

 

Imagine a time when you heard information about the personal life or behavior of another person – a friend, a neighbor, a classmate, or even a famous person.
想象一下，當(dāng)您聽(tīng)到有關(guān)另一個(gè)人的個(gè)人生活或行為的信息時(shí)——朋友、鄰居、同學(xué)，甚至是名人。
 
In other words, you heard gossip.
換句話說(shuō)，你聽(tīng)到了八卦。
 
What kinds of terms and structures do English speakers commonly use to gossip? Let's start with a few important terms and definitions.
說(shuō)英語(yǔ)的人通常使用哪些術(shù)語(yǔ)和結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)八卦？讓我們從一些重要的術(shù)語(yǔ)和定義開(kāi)始。
 
Definitions, verbs
定義、動(dòng)詞
 
Gossip is information about the personal lives and behavior of other people. The information can be either correct or incorrect.
八卦是關(guān)于他人個(gè)人生活和行為的信息。信息可能正確也可能不正確。
 
While many people have a bad opinion of gossip (at least when they are the subject of it), the reality is that most people join in it from time to time.
雖然很多人對(duì)八卦有不好的看法（至少當(dāng)他們是八卦的主題時(shí)），但現(xiàn)實(shí)是大多數(shù)人不時(shí)加入八卦。
 
English speakers commonly use a few verbs when gossiping. These verbs often connect with the senses such as hearing and seeing.
說(shuō)英語(yǔ)的人在閑聊時(shí)通常會(huì)使用一些動(dòng)詞。這些動(dòng)詞通常與聽(tīng)覺(jué)和視覺(jué)等感官相關(guān)聯(lián)。
 
For example:
例如：
 
I heard that Tom got into trouble. Sally said she saw the police arrest him!
我聽(tīng)說(shuō)湯姆遇到了麻煩。莎莉說(shuō)她看到警察逮捕了他！
 
 
In the example, we have the past forms heard and saw. Note that the speaker is telling information about Tom's life and possible behavior. The speaker did not actually experience the events.
在示例中，我們聽(tīng)到和看到了過(guò)去的形式。請(qǐng)注意，說(shuō)話者正在講述有關(guān)湯姆生活和可能行為的信息。演講者實(shí)際上并沒(méi)有經(jīng)歷這些事件。
 
In our example, the speaker reported something. This is a general way that gossip spreads: one person says or tells something to another person. As a result, verbs that describe speaking – such as tell or say – are commonly used in gossip. Consider these examples:
在我們的例子中，說(shuō)話者報(bào)告了一些事情。這是八卦傳播的一般方式：一個(gè)人對(duì)另一個(gè)人說(shuō)或告訴某事。因此，描述說(shuō)話的動(dòng)詞——例如告訴或說(shuō)——通常用于八卦。考慮這些例子：
 
Sally told me about Tom's troubles.
莎莉告訴我湯姆的煩惱。
 
Sally said Tom has been getting into trouble.
薩莉說(shuō)湯姆遇到了麻煩。
 
Helping verbs, yes/no questions
幫助動(dòng)詞，是/否問(wèn)題
 
Gossip often makes up part of a larger discussion. As a result, speakers often bring up the subject of gossip by asking a question. The helping verbs do and have play an especially important part in these questions. This is because these helping verbs are used to create yes or no questions.
八卦通常構(gòu)成更大討論的一部分。因此，演講者經(jīng)常通過(guò)提問(wèn)來(lái)提出八卦的話題。助動(dòng)詞確實(shí)和已經(jīng)在這些問(wèn)題中發(fā)揮了特別重要的作用。這是因?yàn)檫@些助動(dòng)詞用于創(chuàng)建是或否問(wèn)題。
 
Let's explore one common structure:
讓我們探索一種常見(jiàn)的結(jié)構(gòu)：
 
do or have + subject + main verb + the rest of the sentence.
do or have + 主語(yǔ) + 主要?jiǎng)釉~ + 句子的其余部分。
 
For example:
例如：
 
Did you hear about Tom?
你聽(tīng)說(shuō)過(guò)湯姆嗎？
 
Have you heard about what Tom did?
你聽(tīng)說(shuō)過(guò)湯姆做了什么嗎？
 
Note that the main verb in both of these examples is hear (or heard). Although the verb's exact meaning connects with the ear or the sense of hearing, it often also has a broader meaning. In other words, it can also mean to be aware of something.
請(qǐng)注意，這兩個(gè)示例中的主要?jiǎng)釉~都是“聽(tīng)到”（或“聽(tīng)到”）。雖然動(dòng)詞的確切含義與耳朵或聽(tīng)覺(jué)有關(guān)，但它通常也具有更廣泛的含義。換句話說(shuō)，它也可能意味著意識(shí)到某事。
 
For example, a person might say they "heard about a scandal" even if they learned of the scandal by reading about it in a newspaper or on the internet.
例如，一個(gè)人可能會(huì)說(shuō)他們“聽(tīng)說(shuō)過(guò)一個(gè)丑聞”，即使他們是通過(guò)在報(bào)紙或互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上讀到丑聞而得知的。
 
Practice
實(shí)踐
 
Let's take some time to work on these ideas. Use the verb hear to talk about a famous actor's divorce.
讓我們花一些時(shí)間來(lái)研究這些想法。用動(dòng)詞hear來(lái)談?wù)撝輪T的離婚。
 
Pause the audio to consider your answer.
暫停音頻以考慮您的答案。
 
Here is one possible answer:
這是一個(gè)可能的答案：
 
I heard about the actor's divorce.
我聽(tīng)說(shuō)演員離婚了。
 
Now form a question about a person named Sally. Be sure to use helping verbs such as do or have.
現(xiàn)在形成一個(gè)關(guān)于一個(gè)名叫 Sally 的人的問(wèn)題。一定要使用幫助動(dòng)詞，例如do或have。
 
Pause the audio to consider your answer.
暫停音頻以考慮您的答案。
 
Here are two possible answers:
這里有兩個(gè)可能的答案：
 
Did you hear about Sally?
你聽(tīng)說(shuō)過(guò)莎莉嗎？
 
Have you heard about Sally?
你聽(tīng)說(shuō)過(guò)莎莉嗎？
 
Closing thoughts
結(jié)束的想法
 
The goal of today's report was not to make you want to gossip. Rather, the goal was to get you thinking about how grammar connects with a common subject of discussion.
今天報(bào)告的目的不是讓你想八卦。相反，我們的目標(biāo)是讓你思考語(yǔ)法如何與一個(gè)共同的討論主題聯(lián)系起來(lái)。
 
The next time you listen to English speakers – perhaps in a movie or show – pay careful attention to how they share information. And if you notice questions such as "Did you hear about....?" or "Have you heard about....?" then you might want to prepare yourself to listen to some gossip.
下次你聽(tīng)講英語(yǔ)的人時(shí)——也許是在電影或節(jié)目中——要特別注意他們是如何分享信息的。如果您注意到諸如“您聽(tīng)說(shuō)過(guò)……嗎？”之類(lèi)的問(wèn)題?；?ldquo;你聽(tīng)說(shuō)過(guò)……嗎？” 那么你可能要準(zhǔn)備好聽(tīng)一些八卦。