劉文勇GRE寫(xiě)作Argument題庫(kù) Day 165

Day 165 Humans arrived in the Kaliko Islands about 7,000 years ago

Humans arrived in the Kaliko Islands about 7,000 years ago, and within 3,000 years most of the large mammal species that had lived in the forests of the Kaliko Islands were extinct. Previous archaeological findings have suggested that early humans generally relied on both fishing and hunting for food; since archaeologists have discovered numerous sites in the Kaliko Islands where the bones of fish were discarded, it is likely that the humans also hunted the mammals. Furthermore, researchers have uncovered simple tools, such as stone knives, that could be used for hunting. The only clear explanation is that humans caused the extinction of the various mammal species through excessive hunting.

Write a response in which you discuss one or more alternative explanations that could rival the proposed explanation and explain how your explanation(s) can plausibly account for the facts presented in the argument.

五問(wèn)：

（1）“Humans arrived in the Kaliko Islands about 7,000 years ago, and within 3,000 years most of the large mammal species that had lived in the forests of the Kaliko Islands were extinct. Previous archaeological findings have suggested that early humans generally relied on both fishing and hunting for food; since archaeologists have discovered numerous sites in the Kaliko Islands where the bones of fish were discarded”和“Furthermore, researchers have uncovered simple tools, such as stone knives, that could be used for hunting”是事實(shí)，“The only clear explanation is that humans caused the extinction of the various mammal species through excessive hunting”是結(jié)論，值得反駁嗎？

（2）考古學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)了大量被丟棄的魚(yú)骨頭，可能證明當(dāng)時(shí)人類(lèi)捕魚(yú)，但是能說(shuō)明人類(lèi)也獵取哺乳動(dòng)物嗎？這二者之間有聯(lián)系嗎？在島上發(fā)現(xiàn)了哺乳動(dòng)物的骨骼嗎？這個(gè)因果關(guān)系能達(dá)成嗎？

（3）研究者發(fā)現(xiàn)的簡(jiǎn)單工具，如石刀，一定是用來(lái)打獵的嗎？是否有可能是用來(lái)切魚(yú)肉或者刻標(biāo)記的呢？

（4）除了人類(lèi)可能導(dǎo)致大型哺乳動(dòng)物滅絕，還有其他因素會(huì)造成這一結(jié)果嗎？你能列舉一兩個(gè)嗎？例如：氣候變化或者是環(huán)境惡化都有可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致大型哺乳動(dòng)物因不能適應(yīng)而滅絕。

（5）文中是否將 hunting與hunting the mammals簡(jiǎn)單地畫(huà)上了等號(hào)？打獵一定是獵殺哺乳動(dòng)物嗎？即使真的獵殺了，一定會(huì)導(dǎo)致如此嚴(yán)重的后果嗎？