英語(yǔ)早間課堂:話說地道美語(yǔ) Lesson 18(4)
Hear somebody do something和hear somebody doing something翻譯成中文都是看見某人做某事的意思。那它們可以通用嗎?By no means of course not, there are some differences between them. 下面我們將聽到一個(gè)對(duì)話，這個(gè)對(duì)話是母親問兒子他的姐姐到哪兒去了。
Mom : Tim, do you have any idea where your elder sister is now?
Tim : Mom, I don't have any idea about it either but I heard her sing in her room just a few minutes ago.
Tim的母親問Tim現(xiàn)在是否知道他的姐姐在哪里:Do you have any idea where your elder sister is now? 這個(gè)句子是含有一個(gè)同位語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句。同位詞是idea, 同位語(yǔ)從句是由連接副詞where引導(dǎo)出的your elder sister is now，這個(gè)句子補(bǔ)充說明idea的內(nèi)容。"Have some idea" is similar to saying "know about". 意思是知曉，知道。Tim回答的是“I don't have any idea about it either."我也不知道。這里注意“也 ”在否定句中的表述是either，不是too。接著Tim說but I heard her sing in her room just a few minutes ago. 就幾分鐘前，我還聽見她在房間里唱歌。這是個(gè)關(guān)鍵句子了—— I heard her sing in her room just a few minutes ago。這個(gè)句子中有一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)just a few minutes ago，就在幾分鐘前，我們?cè)赥im的母親說的話中含有一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)now。由此可見，hear sb do sth是聽到的動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成了。對(duì)話中，當(dāng)Tim的媽媽問他的姐姐在哪里時(shí)，Tim說他聽見他姐姐唱歌，sing(唱歌)這個(gè)動(dòng)做已經(jīng)完成，換句話說就是Tim的姐姐在他說話的時(shí)候不在唱歌。
我們?cè)賮砜?個(gè)例句。例句1：I have heard her sing this song。我曾經(jīng)聽過她唱這首歌。(她唱這首歌的動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成。)例句2：She has been heard to sing this song. 別人聽見她唱過這首歌。(注解：這個(gè)句子使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，hear sb do sth中的do sth是省略了to的動(dòng)詞不定時(shí)，這個(gè)短語(yǔ)使用在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中，to要還原。) 例句3：The boss said his secretary had been out. I didn't hear and did you hear her go out? 領(lǐng)導(dǎo)說秘書出去了。我沒有聽見，你聽見她出去了嗎?(秘書出去這個(gè)動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成。這句話是說話者想和別人確認(rèn)一下。)接下來我們?cè)賮砺犚粋€(gè)對(duì)話，這個(gè)對(duì)話是鄰居抱怨隔壁的歌手在練聲時(shí)聲音太大而吵得他們無法入睡。
Mary: Darling, what's eating you that you can't fall asleep?
Mike: Dear, don't you hear Jane next door singing loudly now?
妻子Mary看到心愛的丈夫遲遲未能入眠就關(guān)心的問道：“What's eating you?”這句話相當(dāng)于“What makes you upset?”什么事兒是你煩心了。Fall asleep是睡著的意思。Fall 在這里是系動(dòng)詞，不是實(shí)義動(dòng)詞。丈夫由于沒睡覺心里也挺煩的，就反問到妻子Mary：“Don't you hear Jane next door singing loudly now?”難道你沒聽到隔壁的Jane在大聲唱歌嗎?Next door是隔壁的意思。例如：The baby next door kept me awake. He cried all night.隔壁的孩子吵得我睡不著覺。他整夜哭個(gè)沒完Mike說的這句話中有一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)now。由此可見，hear somebody doing something是聽到的動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行。對(duì)話中Mary問丈夫Mike時(shí)，Mike回答時(shí)說是因?yàn)猷従映栌绊懰恢?，這時(shí)候鄰居Jane唱歌這個(gè)動(dòng)作正在發(fā)生。
我們?cè)賮砜?個(gè)例子。例句1：I can hear the dog barking. 我能聽到狗叫。例句2：I heard her singing this song at nine last night。昨晚九點(diǎn)我聽見他正在唱這首歌。例句1中使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，很好理解現(xiàn)在聽到狗正在叫。而例句2中使用的是一般過去時(shí)，我們可以看到句中有個(gè)具體的時(shí)間點(diǎn)at nine last night昨天晚上的9點(diǎn)鐘。那么如果說在某一具體時(shí)刻聽見某人做某事也用hear sb doing sth這個(gè)動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)。例句3：Nothing pleased her more than to hear her son doing well in the army. 聽見兒子在部隊(duì)表現(xiàn)很好，她再高興不過了。(她極為高興的時(shí)候是他的兒子正在在部隊(duì)里表現(xiàn)得好，兒子在部隊(duì)表現(xiàn)得好這種情況正在發(fā)生。這句話隱含了一個(gè)具體時(shí)間點(diǎn)。)簡(jiǎn)而言之，hear sb do sth是指do sth這個(gè)動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成，而hear sb doing sth是指do sth這個(gè)動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行。Hear sb do sth中的do sth是省略to的動(dòng)詞不定式，hear sb doing sth中的doing sth是現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)。
既然是VS，我們的任務(wù)還沒完成。雖然hear somebody do something和hear somebody doing something在表意上和語(yǔ)法的詞性上存在區(qū)別，但是他們?cè)谡Z(yǔ)法的功能上有共同點(diǎn)。不管是省略to的動(dòng)詞不定式do something還是現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)doing something，它們都是hear后面的賓語(yǔ)的補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)
